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In the fire protection technical standards of the current construction projects, has a detailed provisions on fire endurance of building components. But in reality, construction more than its fireproo

In the fire protection technical standards of the current construction projects, has a detailed provisions on fire endurance of building components. But in reality, construction more than its fireproof limit in the fire and make the fire spread, but even the building collapse phenomenon. "11.3" in hengyang in 2003, especially big fire in the building collapse, because building bearing component in the fire than the fire endurance; In 1996 in shenyang city especially big fire accident, fire shutter did not play a role of fire compartmentation, properly is an important cause of fire damage to expand. But unfortunately these problems has not been enough attention. Based on years of practice and learning experience, try to discuss the issue, the level of specification, and put forward constructive Suggestions, in order to cause peer discussion, make the provisions of the fire separation more approaching the scientific and reasonable.

One, the defect of the current to fire compartmentation norms

1, without considering the reliability of the fire separation effect, fire prevention separation in fire flashover under the impact of role and play a role of smoke.

"Code for fire protection design of tall buildings" stipulated in article 5.44: "does have some problem in setting up a firewall, fire shutter can be used as a fire compartmentation. Including when using back fire surface temperature rise as refractory limit determination conditions of fire shutter, its fireproof limit not less than three hours; when the surface temperature rise as refractory limit does not include the back fire determination conditions of fire shutter, on both sides of the shutter should establish independent closed sprinkler system protection, system water spray duration should not be less than 3 hours". In "code for fire protection design of tall buildings and other parts of the fire separation in" code for fire protection design of buildings have similar rules. Obviously in norms substitute other facilities for fire compartmentation function of firewall, only consider the fire resistance requirements, fire separation and ignored the reliability requirement and in fire flashover under impact and play a role of smoke prevention requirements, in fact is to reduce the fire separation requirements.

First of all, the firewall as the fire separation measures its reliability is an important requirement for performance. Firewall as the fire separation facilities has high reliability, but the current rules can replace the firewall shutter doors, Windows, water curtain, in addition to the fixed fire out of the window its reliability is very low, at least compared with the firewall is very low. Needless to say these fire separation facilities due to the complex of itself structure inevitable failure rate, failure rate even not consider the facility itself, is the error factors of human management use and cannot be completely avoided.

Second, fire separation facilities in the fire to have the effect of fire compartmentation, need to bear is not only the effect of thermal radiation and heat convection, and flashover when thermal impact the effect of mechanical force, otherwise it is not the role of fire compartmentation, and flashover is a must in the development of the vast majority of indoor fire process.

Again, the role of fire separation in fire is not only rise to stop the fire from spreading, and prevent the spread of the flue gas, and fire separation is an important role. The fire shutter, fire water curtain in fire smoke ability both in the ability, or in terms of reliability, was much lower than the firewall.

2, the fire resistance of the bearing component of fire resistance lower than bearing a firewall, the firewall rules of fireproof limit does not consider the influence of the bearing, neglected the fire in the building structure safety.

"Code for fire protection design of buildings" article 2.0.1 regulation: one, two, tertiary fireproof rank building fire resistance for 4 hours of firewall; First-level fireproof rank construction of main wall refractory limit for 3 hours, the support column layers of refractory limit for 3 hours, support single column fireproof limit was 2.5 hours; Secondary fireproof rank construction of main wall refractory limit for 2.5 hours, support multiple column refractory limit for 2.5 hours, support the single column refractory limit is 2 hours, in "code for fire protection design of tall buildings" has a similar rules.

First of all, here to firewall fire endurance requirements than the main wall, even is higher than bearing layers of the column, is obviously unreasonable. Ignored the need of buildings on fire separation is based on the premise of building structure security, imagine if buildings collapsed, fire separation and meaning?

Second, the fire resistance of firewall rules without considering the influence of the load factor, is obviously not in conformity with the actual situation, also made in this respect the norms. Because from the code for fire protection design of buildings "and" code for fire protection design of tall buildings can also be seen in the appendix, the same construction because of the bearing, and reduce the fire endurance, and higher than the bearing component is defined for bearing component of fire resistance.

Second, the Suggestions to improve fire separation required

1, according to the fire endurance and reliability of the fire compartmentation of the fire separation is divided into different classes and grades, and according to the different categories and levels of fire fire partition area the size of the separate regulations.

First of all, according to the fire separation is affected by human factors such as equipment operation and management is divided into two categories, one, two, and then according to the current in each type of method of fire compartmentation fireproof limit grading grading. That is not affected by the equipment operation and management of human factors specified as a fire compartmentation, the equipment operation and management of human factors influence the fire compartmentation of provisions for the second class, put each type according to the grades of refractory height is divided into a, b, c three categories.

Second, within the prescribed fire partition area, increase the reliability and the fire endurance of high fire compartment fire partition area, reduces reliability and fireproof limit low fire compartment fire partition area.

This adjustment, it is can improve the reliability of fire separation; The second is can give full play to the role of the fire separation; Three is can make architectural design more flexible; Fourth, can improve the economic performance of most buildings; Fifth, can promote the progress of fire separation facilities technology, improve its reliability and fireproof limit.

2, put the component in the fire may have been caused by the impact of component under the flashover of integrity and stability, as the evaluation of construction the important condition of fire resistance and fire smoke properties.

Reform of fire separation facilities fire resistance test method, dividing the fire in the fire may have been caused by the mechanical impact by the flashover, need to have mechanical strength into the test range, prescribed fire separation facilities required mechanical strength requirements. Performance requirements prescribed fire compartmentation of smoke.

3, attaches great importance to the building structure in fire safety, considering the influence of the bearing for fire resistance.

Adjust the fire resistance of construction regulations, improve the bearing component, especially the fire resistance of bearing layers of components, fire endurance building components with them in the building structure safety and fire fighting, the role of the fireproof performance of building components reserves to guarantee safe and not waste.

Reduce the fire resistance requirements of nonbearing firewall, give more space for the development of building materials.

Clicks:  Updated:2013-10-07 09:01:02  【Print this page】  【Close】
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